Histological examination is a key component in diagnosing iron deficiency. A combination of peripheral blood smear analysis and bone marrow biopsy provides detailed information about the condition.
Peripheral Blood Smear: A peripheral blood smear involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide, staining it, and examining it under a microscope. Specific features such as microcytosis, hypochromia, and anisocytosis are indicative of iron deficiency.
Bone Marrow Biopsy: A bone marrow biopsy involves extracting a small sample of bone marrow tissue, usually from the hip bone. The tissue is stained and examined under a microscope. Special stains like Prussian blue can be used to assess iron stores in the marrow.
