Calculating ICC involves statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA). The basic formula for ICC is: \[ \text{ICC} = \frac{\text{Between-group variance}}{\text{Total variance}} \] where the total variance is the sum of between-group and within-group variances. In histological studies, data from multiple observers or time points are collected and analyzed to determine these variances. Software tools like SPSS, R, and Python can be used to perform these calculations.
