In synaptic transmission, GABA is released from presynaptic neurons into the synaptic cleft where it binds to GABA receptors on postsynaptic neurons. The binding of GABA to its receptors results in the inhibition of neuronal activity either through hyperpolarization or by modulating second messenger pathways. This process is essential for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain, preventing excessive neuronal firing and excitotoxicity.
