Fibroblast proliferation is regulated by a variety of signals, including growth factors, cytokines, and mechanical stimuli. Growth factors like PDGF and TGF-β bind to receptors on the surface of fibroblasts, activating intracellular signaling pathways that promote cell division. Additionally, cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) can modulate fibroblast activity. Mechanical stress, such as that resulting from tissue injury, can also stimulate fibroblast proliferation.
