Cancer detection through histology involves a series of steps to identify abnormal changes in tissue architecture and cell morphology. Here are the primary steps:
Biopsy: The process begins with obtaining a tissue sample through a biopsy. This sample is then fixed in a preservative solution to prevent decay. Tissue Processing: The fixed tissue is dehydrated, cleared, and embedded in paraffin wax to create a solid block that can be thinly sliced. Sectioning: Thin sections of the tissue block are cut using a microtome and placed on glass slides. Staining: The tissue sections are stained to highlight different cellular components. Common stains include Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), which provide contrast to visualize cell structures. Microscopic Examination: A pathologist examines the stained slides under a microscope to identify any abnormal cells or tissue patterns indicative of cancer.
