How is Blood Circulation Regulated at the Microscopic Level?
Blood circulation is regulated by various mechanisms, including the autonomic nervous system and hormonal signals. At the microscopic level, endothelial cells play a crucial role in regulating blood flow and pressure. They release substances like nitric oxide to induce vasodilation and endothelin to cause vasoconstriction. The smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of arteries also adjust vessel diameter in response to these signals.
