The process begins with the preparation of the tissue or cell sample, which is then fixed onto a microscope slide. Specific DNA or RNA probes labeled with different fluorescent dyes hybridize to their complementary sequences within the sample. These probes can be designed to target various genes or chromosomal regions, enabling the simultaneous study of multiple targets. After hybridization, the sample is washed to remove unbound probes, and the slides are analyzed using a fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate filters to detect the different fluorescent signals.
