The MMR process involves several key steps: 1. Recognition: MMR proteins identify the mismatched nucleotides. The primary proteins involved in this recognition in humans are MutSα (MSH2-MSH6) and MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3). 2. Excision: Once a mismatch is identified, MutLα (MLH1-PMS2) complex is recruited to the site, which then coordinates the excision of the erroneous DNA segment. 3. Resynthesis: DNA polymerase fills in the gap with the correct nucleotides. 4. Ligation: Finally, DNA ligase seals the newly synthesized DNA segment into the existing strand.
