The development of adaptive immunity involves several steps: 1. Antigen Recognition: B and T cells recognize specific antigens presented by Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and macrophages. 2. Clonal Expansion: Upon recognition, these lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion, where they rapidly divide to produce a large number of effector cells. 3. Differentiation: B and T cells differentiate into effector and memory cells, which perform specific functions to eliminate the pathogen. 4. Effector Functions: Effector B cells (plasma cells) produce antibodies, while effector T cells perform cell-mediated functions. 5. Memory Formation: Memory B and T cells remain in the body to provide long-lasting immunity.
