Tissues maintain pH homeostasis through several mechanisms:
1. Buffer Systems: Tissues utilize buffer systems like the bicarbonate buffer system. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation helps predict how these buffers will respond to changes in pH. 2. Cellular Metabolism: Cells can produce or consume protons (H+) to regulate pH. For example, during aerobic respiration, CO2 is produced, which can combine with water to form carbonic acid, influencing pH. 3. Ion Transporters: Various transporters and channels move ions like H+ and HCO3- across cell membranes to adjust pH levels. 4. Respiratory and Renal Systems: Though not tissues per se, the respiratory and renal systems play significant roles in systemic pH regulation, which in turn affects tissue environments.
