Cells move through a complex, coordinated mechanism involving the cytoskeleton, adhesion molecules, and signaling pathways. The cytoskeleton, composed of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, plays a pivotal role in generating the force required for cell movement. Actin polymerization at the leading edge of the cell pushes the membrane forward, forming structures like lamellipodia and filopodia. Meanwhile, adhesion molecules anchor the cell to the extracellular matrix, allowing it to pull itself forward.
