Cancer cells also have sophisticated methods to evade immune detection:
Immune Checkpoint Molecules: They express molecules like PD-L1 that inhibit T-cell activity. Tumor Microenvironment: The microenvironment can be altered to suppress immune responses, for example, by recruiting regulatory T cells (Tregs) or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Downregulation of Antigen Presentation: Cancer cells may reduce the expression of MHC molecules, making it difficult for T cells to recognize them. Secretion of Immunosuppressive Cytokines: They secrete cytokines like TGF-β and IL-10 to dampen immune responses.
