The generation of iPSCs typically involves the introduction of four key transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, collectively known as the Yamanaka factors. These factors are introduced into somatic cells, such as skin fibroblasts, through various methods like viral transduction, plasmid transfection, or mRNA delivery. Once inside the cell, these factors reprogram the somatic cell genome to an embryonic-like state, thus converting them into iPSCs.
