Chromosomal aberrations can be detected using various cytogenetic techniques. Some of the common methods include:
1. Karyotyping: This technique involves staining and visualizing chromosomes under a microscope to identify numerical and large structural aberrations.
2. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH): FISH uses fluorescent probes that bind to specific chromosome regions, allowing the detection of specific structural aberrations.
3. Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH): CGH involves comparing a patient's DNA to a reference DNA to identify gains or losses in chromosome segments.
4. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): NGS provides a high-resolution analysis of the entire genome, identifying both numerical and structural aberrations at a very fine scale.
