KRAS Mutations - Histology

What are KRAS Mutations?

KRAS mutations are alterations in the KRAS gene, which encodes a protein that is part of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. This pathway is crucial for cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mutations in KRAS can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and are often implicated in various cancers.

How are KRAS Mutations Detected in Histology?

In histology, KRAS mutations are typically identified using techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). These methods allow for the detection of specific genetic alterations within tissue samples, providing crucial information for diagnosis and treatment planning.

What is the Impact of KRAS Mutations on Cellular Histology?

KRAS mutations often result in histological changes within the affected tissues. These changes can include increased cellular proliferation, altered tissue architecture, and the presence of atypical or dysplastic cells. In cancers such as colorectal carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer, these mutations are frequently observed and are associated with poor prognosis.

Why are KRAS Mutations Important in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment?

KRAS mutations are significant because they can inform both the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. Their presence can help pathologists determine the type and aggressiveness of the tumor. Additionally, KRAS mutations can influence treatment decisions, as tumors harboring these mutations may not respond well to certain targeted therapies, such as EGFR inhibitors. Understanding the status of KRAS mutations in a tumor can thus guide personalized treatment strategies.

What are the Challenges in Studying KRAS Mutations in Histology?

One of the main challenges in studying KRAS mutations in histology is the heterogeneity of tumors. Different regions of a tumor may harbor different genetic mutations, making it difficult to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mutation landscape. Additionally, the small size of biopsy samples can limit the amount of genetic material available for analysis. Advances in molecular pathology and the development of more sensitive detection methods are helping to address these challenges.

Future Directions in KRAS Mutation Research

Future research on KRAS mutations in histology is focused on improving detection methods, understanding the functional consequences of different mutations, and developing new therapeutic strategies. Advances in single-cell sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9 technology are expected to provide deeper insights into the role of KRAS mutations in cancer and potentially lead to the discovery of novel treatment targets.

Relevant Publications

Molecular profile of driver genes in lung adenocarcinomas of Brazilian patients who have never smoked: implications for targeted therapies.

Issue Release: 2024

Concurrent loss of LKB1 and KEAP1 enhances SHMT-mediated antioxidant defence in KRAS-mutant lung cancer.

Issue Release: 2024

Targeted sequencing of DNA/RNA combined with radiomics predicts lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Issue Release: 2024

The value of ACR, European, Korean, and ATA ultrasound risk stratification systems combined with RAS mutations for detecting thyroid carcinoma in cytologically indeterminate and suspicious for malignancy thyroid nodules.

Issue Release: 2024

Current perspectives of KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer.

Issue Release: 2024

Novel selective inhibitors of macropinocytosis-dependent growth in pancreatic ductal carcinoma.

Issue Release: 2024

Additional impact of genetic ancestry over self-reported race/ethnicity to prevalence of KRAS mutations and allele-specific subtypes in non-small cell lung cancer.

Issue Release: 2024

Comparison of genomic profiling of patient-matched primary colorectal and surgical resected distant metastatic (stage IV) colorectal carcinoma for drug actionability.

Issue Release: 2024

The rapidly changing field of predictive biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer.

Issue Release: 2024

Down-Regulation of AKT Proteins Slows the Growth of Mutant-KRAS Pancreatic Tumors.

Issue Release: 2024

PROMER technology: A new real-time PCR tool enabling multiplex detection of point mutation with high specificity and sensitivity.

Issue Release: 2024

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with rare mutations: a real-world retrospective study.

Issue Release: 2024

Beat-AML 2024 ELN-Refined Risk Stratification for Older Adults with Newly Diagnosed AML Given Lower-Intensity Therapy.

Issue Release: 2024

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 suppresses nanoclustering and function of KRAS.

Issue Release: 2024

Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with better oncological outcomes after ALPPS for colorectal liver metastases.

Issue Release: 2024

Copy number variations in endometrial cancer: from biological significance to clinical utility.

Issue Release: 2024

KRAS-mediated upregulation of CIP2A promotes suppression of PP2A-B56α to initiate pancreatic cancer development.

Issue Release: 2024

Gastric dysplastic lesions in Helicobacter pylori-naïve stomach: Foveolar-type adenoma and intestinal-type dysplasia.

Issue Release: 2024

Temporal trends and regional variability in BRAF and KRAS genetic testing in Denmark (2010-2022): Implications for precision medicine.

Issue Release: 2024

Comprehensive genomic profiling of pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma using tissue and plasma samples: insights from a real-world cohort analysis.

Issue Release: 2024

What are the Common Challenges in Obtaining Starting Grants?

How is Peristalsis Regulated?

Why Are Biological Replicates Important?

How Are Masks Applied?

What is Solvent Casting?

What Challenges are Associated with Biological Control in Histology?

How are GAP Domains Studied in Histology?

Why is Understanding Normal Histology Important?

What is the Future of Data Acquisition in Histology?

What Are the Implications of Poor Handling?

Partnered Content Networks

Relevant Topics