Copii - Histology

What is Copii?

In the realm of histology, copii refers to the coat protein complex II, a key element of the intracellular transport system. This complex plays a pivotal role in the formation of vesicles that transport proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus.

Structure of Copii

The Copii complex comprises five core proteins: Sec23, Sec24, Sec13, Sec31, and Sar1. These proteins assemble sequentially to form a coat around budding vesicles, facilitating the sorting and packaging of cargo proteins.

Function in Vesicle Formation

Copii is essential for the formation of transport vesicles. The process begins with the activation of the Sar1 protein, which then recruits Sec23 and Sec24 to form the inner coat. Sec13 and Sec31 subsequently form the outer coat, completing the vesicle.

Role in Protein Transport

One of the primary roles of Copii is in the transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. This transport is crucial for the proper functioning of the cell, as it ensures that proteins are correctly modified, sorted, and delivered to their destinations.

Regulation of Copii Activity

The activity of Copii is tightly regulated by various factors, including the availability of GTP and interactions with other proteins. For instance, the GTP-bound form of Sar1 is essential for vesicle formation, while GTP hydrolysis triggers coat disassembly.

Clinical Implications

Dysfunction in Copii-mediated transport can lead to a variety of diseases. For example, mutations in the genes encoding Copii components can cause congenital disorders of glycosylation, which affect multiple organ systems.

Research and Future Directions

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the detailed mechanisms of Copii function and its role in disease. Advances in microscopy techniques and molecular biology are providing new insights into how Copii operates at the cellular level.

Relevant Publications

Duck STING mediates antiviral autophagy directing the interferon signaling pathway to inhibit duck plague virus infection.

Issue Release: 2024

Tailored assemblies of COPII proteins in secretion.

Issue Release: 2024

Identification and characterization of the COPII vesicle-forming GTPase Sar1 in .

Issue Release: 2024

Nlp-dependent ER-to-Golgi transport.

Issue Release: 2024

The ufmylation cascade controls COPII recruitment, anterograde transport, and sorting of nascent GPCRs at ER.

Issue Release: 2024

Ceramide sorting into non-vesicular transport is independent of acyl chain length in budding yeast.

Issue Release: 2024

Sar1A overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary cells and its effects on antibody productivity and secretion.

Issue Release: 2024

The Role of Cornichons in the Biogenesis and Functioning of Monovalent-Cation Transport Systems.

Issue Release: 2024

COPII cage assembly factor Sec13 integrates information flow regulating endomembrane function in response to human variation.

Issue Release: 2024

Emerging roles of O-GlcNAcylation in protein trafficking and secretion.

Issue Release: 2024

Direct evidence of host-mediated glycosylation of NleA and its dependence on interaction with the COPII complex.

Issue Release: 2024

RHBDL4-triggered downregulation of COPII adaptor protein TMED7 suppresses TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling.

Issue Release: 2024

Vesicle formation-related protein CaSec16 and its ankyrin protein partner CaANK2B jointly enhance salt tolerance in pepper.

Issue Release: 2024

Functional overlap between the mammalian and paralogs in vivo.

Issue Release: 2024

COPII with ALG2 and ESCRTs control lysosome-dependent microautophagy of ER exit sites.

Issue Release: 2024

The COPII coat protein SEC24D is required for autophagosome closure in mammals.

Issue Release: 2024

β-N-methylamino-L-alanine production, photosynthesis and transcriptional expression in a possible mutation strain and a wild strain of Thalassiosira minima.

Issue Release: 2024

Compromised COPII vesicle trafficking leads to glycogenic hepatopathy in zebrafish.

Issue Release: 2024

SDE19, a SEC-dependent effector from \'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\' suppresses plant immunity and targets Citrus sinensis Sec12 to interfere with vesicle trafficking.

Issue Release: 2024

GRASP negatively regulates the secretion of the virulence factor gp63 in Leishmania.

Issue Release: 2024

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