The dorsal surface of the tongue features specialized structures known as papillae, which are classified into four main types:
1. Filiform Papillae: These are the most numerous and are primarily involved in mechanical functions. They are conical and keratinized, providing a rough surface that aids in manipulating food. 2. Fungiform Papillae: Scattered among the filiform papillae, these mushroom-shaped structures contain taste buds and are more prominent towards the tip of the tongue. 3. Circumvallate Papillae: Large and dome-shaped, these papillae are located at the back of the tongue. They are surrounded by a trench and contain numerous taste buds. 4. Foliate Papillae: Located on the lateral aspects of the tongue, these leaf-like structures contain taste buds and are more prominent in some animals than in humans.
