Various factors can trigger cellular responses, including:
Physical damage: Cuts, bruises, and other injuries can prompt cells to initiate repair mechanisms. Chemical signals: Hormones, growth factors, and cytokines can bind to receptors on the cell surface, triggering intracellular signaling pathways. Environmental changes: Variations in temperature, pH, and oxygen levels can induce cellular responses to adapt to new conditions. Pathogen invasion: The presence of bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens can activate the immune response to eliminate the threat.
