Several techniques are employed in cytogenetics to study chromosomes:
Karyotyping: A technique that involves the staining of chromosomes to visualize their number, structure, and form. It is often used to detect chromosomal abnormalities like aneuploidy and structural rearrangements. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): A method that uses fluorescent probes to bind to specific DNA sequences on chromosomes, allowing for the identification of genetic abnormalities at a higher resolution than karyotyping. Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH): A molecular technique used to detect copy number variations (CNVs) across the genome, which can be associated with various genetic disorders. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): A technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences, allowing for detailed analysis of genetic material.
