What Role Do Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Play?

Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes play crucial roles in cellular transformation. Oncogenes are mutated forms of normal genes (proto-oncogenes) that promote cell division and survival when inappropriately activated. Examples include the RAS and MYC genes. On the other hand, tumor suppressor genes, such as p53 and RB1, normally function to inhibit cell division and promote apoptosis. Mutations or deletions in these genes can remove critical regulatory checkpoints, thereby facilitating unchecked cellular proliferation and survival.