EMT is driven by a complex network of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and microRNAs. Key signaling pathways involved in EMT include TGF-β, Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog. Transcription factors such as Snail, Slug, Twist, and ZEB1/2 repress the expression of epithelial markers and promote mesenchymal traits. MicroRNAs like miR-200 family play a critical role in regulating these transcription factors.
