OxLDL is critically involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. It is readily taken up by macrophages through scavenger receptors, leading to the formation of foam cells. Foam cells are a hallmark of early atherosclerotic lesions, also known as fatty streaks. Over time, these foam cells accumulate and form the core of atherosclerotic plaques. OxLDL also promotes inflammation by inducing the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines, which further recruit inflammatory cells to the site of the lesion.
