The process of sample preparation for 2D histological techniques typically involves several critical steps:
Fixation: This step preserves the tissue by stabilizing proteins and preventing degradation. Commonly used fixatives include formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Embedding: The fixed tissue is embedded in a medium such as paraffin or resin to provide support for thin sectioning. Sectioning: The embedded tissue is cut into thin sections using a microtome. Sections are typically 4-10 micrometers thick. Staining: Stains are applied to enhance contrast and highlight specific structures within the tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is a commonly used staining combination.