The PI3K-Akt pathway begins with the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), which are triggered by stimuli such as growth factors binding to their respective receptors on the cell surface. This activation leads to the production of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), a secondary messenger that recruits and activates Akt (also known as protein kinase B).
