What is the Histological Structure of White Matter?
Histologically, white matter consists of densely packed myelinated axons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the production and maintenance of the myelin sheath, which insulates axons and enhances signal transmission speed. Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support, while microglia act as the resident immune cells of the CNS.