The hallmark of SCAs in histological terms is the progressive loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. These cells are crucial for maintaining the fine-tuning of motor movements. In addition to Purkinje cell degeneration, other features include the loss of neurons in the dentate nucleus, inferior olives, and spinal cord. The degeneration of these structures disrupts the intricate neuronal circuitry necessary for coordinated motor function.
