The GIT wall is composed of four distinct layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa or adventitia.
The mucosa includes the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. The submucosa contains blood vessels, nerves, and glands. The muscularis externa consists of an inner circular and an outer longitudinal muscle layer crucial for peristalsis. The outermost layer, the serosa or adventitia, consists of connective tissue.
