Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cellular response to hypoxia (low oxygen conditions). It is a heterodimer composed of two subunits: HIF-1α and HIF-1β. Under normal oxygen levels, HIF-1α is rapidly degraded, but under hypoxic conditions, it stabilizes and translocates to the nucleus, where it dimerizes with HIF-1β to activate the transcription of genes involved in oxygen homeostasis.
