What Histological Changes Occur Post-ICD Implantation?
Following ICD implantation, the body undergoes a series of histological changes. Initially, a mild inflammatory response occurs, characterized by the infiltration of immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Over time, this response subsides, and fibroblasts proliferate to form a fibrous capsule around the leads. This capsule can sometimes become excessively thick, known as fibrotic encapsulation, affecting the ICD's performance.
