Several factors regulate osteoblast activity, including hormones, growth factors, and mechanical stress. Hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D play significant roles in osteoblast function. Growth factors like bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) also promote osteoblast differentiation and activity. Mechanical loading and exercise stimulate osteoblasts to enhance bone formation and strength.
