The primary cells involved in lung tissue repair include alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Alveolar epithelial cells, specifically type I and type II pneumocytes, are crucial for gas exchange and surfactant production, respectively. Type II pneumocytes can proliferate and differentiate into type I cells to replace damaged epithelium. Fibroblasts are responsible for synthesizing extracellular matrix (ECM) components that support the structure of the lung. Immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, play a role in clearing debris and orchestrating the inflammatory response.
