Nuclear condensation is primarily induced by the activation of specific enzymes and signals during apoptosis. Key factors include:
1. Caspase Activation: Caspases are proteolytic enzymes that play a crucial role in the execution phase of apoptosis. They cleave various substrates, leading to the morphological changes associated with nuclear condensation. 2. DNA Fragmentation: Endonucleases, activated during apoptosis, fragment the DNA, contributing to the dense packing of chromatin. 3. External Stimuli: Factors such as radiation, toxins, and hypoxia can trigger apoptosis and subsequent nuclear condensation.
