Tissue repair typically occurs in three overlapping phases:
Inflammatory Phase: This initial phase involves the removal of debris and pathogens through the action of immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Blood vessels dilate to increase the influx of leukocytes to the site of injury. Proliferative Phase: During this phase, new tissue is formed. Fibroblasts play a key role by producing collagen and other extracellular matrix components. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, also occurs to supply nutrients and oxygen to the new tissue. Remodeling Phase: In this final phase, the newly formed tissue is reorganized to restore its original structure and function. Collagen fibers are realigned, and excess cells are removed through apoptosis.
