Cartilage repair can occur through several mechanisms:
Intrinsic Repair: This involves the proliferation of existing chondrocytes and synthesis of new extracellular matrix. However, this process is typically inefficient in adults. Extrinsic Repair: Involves the recruitment of stem cells from the bone marrow or synovial fluid to the injury site. These cells differentiate into chondrocytes, contributing to tissue repair. Surgical Interventions: Techniques such as microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and osteochondral grafting are used to stimulate repair and regenerate cartilage.
