What are the Mechanisms Behind Drug Induced Histological Changes?

The mechanisms behind drug induced histological changes are varied and can include:

Oxidative stress: Many drugs can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage of cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA.
Mitochondrial dysfunction: Certain drugs can impair mitochondrial function, disrupting cellular energy production and leading to cell death.
Immune-mediated damage: Some drugs can trigger immune responses that result in tissue damage, either through direct cytotoxicity or by inducing autoimmunity.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: Drugs can cause stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR).