The cytoplasm houses several key organelles, each with distinct functions:
Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): The ER is divided into rough and smooth types, involved in protein and lipid synthesis, respectively. Golgi Apparatus: It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. Lysosomes: These contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris. Ribosomes: Essential for protein synthesis, they can be free in the cytoplasm or bound to the ER.
