Several organelles play vital roles in cell physiology. The nucleus houses the cell's DNA and is the control center for cellular activities. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, and mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP.
