What Are the Key Cellular Components Examined in Neuropathology?

In neuropathology, the primary cellular components include neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia), and the extracellular matrix. Each component can show distinct changes in response to different pathological conditions:

- Neurons: Changes in size, shape, and appearance can indicate conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases or ischemic injury.
- Astrocytes: These cells often exhibit reactive changes, known as gliosis, in response to injury.
- Oligodendrocytes: Damage to these cells is a hallmark of demyelinating diseases like Multiple Sclerosis.
- Microglia: These cells act as the brain's immune cells and their activation is often seen in infections and inflammatory conditions.