Histologically, GVHD presents several key features that can be observed under a microscope. These features include:
Skin: The skin is commonly affected in GVHD. Histological examination may reveal lymphocytic infiltration of the epidermis, apoptosis of keratinocytes, and basal layer degeneration. Liver: In the liver, GVHD can cause bile duct damage, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatocyte apoptosis. The portal areas may show a dense infiltrate of lymphocytes. Gastrointestinal Tract: The gastrointestinal tract often shows crypt cell apoptosis, loss of crypt architecture, and dense lymphocytic infiltrates in the lamina propria. Lungs: In the lungs, histological examination may show peribronchial and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, as well as fibrosis in chronic cases.
