What are the Histological Features of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, commonly known as COPD, is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities. Histologically, COPD features include:
Emphysema: Destruction of alveolar walls leading to enlarged air spaces. Chronic Bronchitis: Thickening of bronchial walls with increased mucus production and inflammation. Smooth muscle hyperplasia and fibrosis in the small airways.
