In histological analysis, CSF is typically examined through cytological studies. A sample of CSF is obtained via lumbar puncture and analyzed for cell count, protein concentration, glucose levels, and presence of any abnormal cells. Under the microscope, CSF is normally clear with very few cells, primarily lymphocytes. An abnormal increase in cell count (pleocytosis) or the presence of atypical cells may indicate pathological conditions such as infections, hemorrhage, or malignancy.
