MSCs are renowned for their ability to differentiate into various cell types. Osteogenic differentiation can be induced by culturing MSCs in media containing dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate. Chondrogenic differentiation requires media supplemented with TGF-β, dexamethasone, and ascorbic acid, often in a pellet culture system. Adipogenic differentiation is promoted using media with dexamethasone, insulin, and indomethacin. The differentiation potential underscores the versatility of MSCs in regenerative medicine.
