- [Anencephaly](#): This condition is characterized by the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. It results from the failure of the upper part of the neural tube to close. - [Spina Bifida](#): This occurs when the lower part of the neural tube doesn't close properly. It can range from mild (occulta) to severe (myelomeningocele) forms. - [Encephalocele](#): A less common defect where brain tissue protrudes out to the skin through an opening in the skull.
