What are the Common Histological Changes Observed?

Various histological changes can be observed due to chronic environmental exposure. Some common changes include:

- Inflammation: Persistent exposure to irritants can lead to chronic inflammation, characterized by the presence of immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes in the affected tissues.
- Fibrosis: Long-term exposure to toxic agents can result in the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components, leading to fibrosis. This can be particularly evident in organs like the liver and lungs.
- Necrosis and Apoptosis: Chronic toxic exposure can cause cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. Histological examination can reveal necrotic areas and apoptotic bodies in affected tissues.
- Carcinogenesis: Certain environmental toxins are carcinogenic and can induce neoplastic changes. Histology can aid in identifying dysplastic and malignant cells, providing crucial information for diagnosis and treatment.