Epithelial cells exhibit several distinctive characteristics:
Cellularity: Epithelial tissue is composed of tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix. Polarity: These cells have an apical surface (facing the lumen or exterior) and a basal surface (attached to the basement membrane). Basement Membrane: A thin layer of extracellular matrix that anchors the epithelial cells to underlying tissues. Avascularity: Epithelial tissues lack blood vessels and rely on diffusion from underlying connective tissues for nutrients and oxygen. Regeneration: High mitotic activity allows for rapid replacement of damaged or lost cells.
