Despite its usefulness, ICC has some limitations and challenges. These include:
Non-specific binding: Non-specific interactions between antibodies and cellular components can lead to background staining and false-positive results. Antibody specificity: The quality and specificity of the antibodies used are crucial for reliable results. Poorly characterized antibodies can yield misleading data. Sample preparation: Proper fixation and permeabilization of samples are critical for preserving the structure and accessibility of antigens.
