Synapses are specialized junctions between neurons where communication occurs. When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These chemical messengers bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, causing ion channels to open or close, leading to changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron. This can either excite or inhibit the generation of a new action potential.
