Several cutting-edge methods have emerged, offering improved outcomes in tissue preservation:
Cryopreservation: This technique involves freezing tissues at extremely low temperatures, typically using liquid nitrogen. Cryopreservation is particularly beneficial for preserving the antigenicity of proteins and is widely used in molecular studies.
Microwave-Assisted Fixation: This method accelerates the fixation process using microwave radiation, reducing overall time and minimizing fixation artifacts. It is compatible with various fixatives and is noted for preserving tissue morphology effectively.
Vapor Fixation: An alternative to liquid fixatives, vapor fixation uses gaseous chemicals to penetrate tissues rapidly. This method reduces the risk of shrinkage and distortion, making it suitable for delicate specimens.
Osmium Tetroxide Staining: Although primarily a staining agent, osmium tetroxide is used for preserving lipid-rich tissues due to its ability to stabilize lipids and provide contrast in electron microscopy.
Chemical Cross-Linking: This method involves the use of specialized cross-linking agents that form covalent bonds with tissue proteins, preserving their structure and function for extended periods.
