Membrane proteins are integral to the cell membrane's function. They can be classified into two main types:
Integral Proteins: These span the entire membrane and are involved in transport, acting as channels or carriers. Peripheral Proteins: These are attached to either the inner or outer surface of the membrane and often have roles in signaling or maintaining the cell's shape.
Functions of membrane proteins include:
Transport: Facilitating the movement of substances across the membrane. Enzymatic Activity: Speeding up chemical reactions. Signal Transduction: Relaying signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. Cell-Cell Recognition: Allowing cells to identify and interact with each other. Intercellular Joining: Connecting cells together. Attachment to the Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix: Providing structural support and maintaining cell shape.
