Hyaline membranes are extracellular structures composed of a mix of proteins and dead cell debris. They are most commonly found in the lungs, particularly in conditions such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS). These membranes form along the walls of the alveoli, the small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.